According to government and blockchain sources, the move aims to anchor identity attestations on a public chain while keeping private personal data off the ledger.
Officials say the change follows earlier platform updates and is meant to strengthen how identity claims are verified across services.
The government previously moved its self-sovereign identity system from Hyperledger Indy to Polygon in 2024, a step taken to improve scalability and performance before the latest integration with Ethereum. That earlier migration is part of the technical background now guiding the current switch.
Technically, the government and its tech partners say the system will avoid placing private identity data directly on chain.
Instead, cryptographic proofs or hashes will be used to confirm identity claims while personal records remain stored off chain under government control.
That approach is intended to balance verification with privacy protections, according to public statements from project leads.
For many users, the change should be invisible day to day. Verifiers — banks, agencies, and service providers — will be able to check credentials against the public proof without receiving raw personal data.
This is how officials describe the model in plain terms: keys and proofs on a public ledger, private data kept elsewhere under rules and legal guardrails.
Still, practical questions remain. How will the government handle costs tied to public chain transactions? Which apps or wallets will citizens use? How will the system work in remote areas with limited internet?
Those are the sorts of operational issues that the NDI team has said it will address as migration continues toward the Q1 2026 target.
Experts say Bhutan’s move is notable because national identity systems are usually run on closed networks or permissioned ledgers.
Anchoring proofs on a widely used public chain like Ethereum is uncommon at scale. Observers praise the transparency potential, but they also warn about long-term costs, governance, and the need for clear legal protections for citizens’ data.
Featured image from Unsplash, chart from TradingView
