Coratger wrote that the roadmap calls for post-quantum-ready signatures and reworked data availability to guard the ledger against future cryptographic threats.
He added that simplicity would come from slimming consensus, execution, and data layers so new contributors can audit code without steep learning curves. Optimality aims to achieve lower latency and overhead, keeping Ethereum competitive while maintaining its decentralization.
Buterin illustrated the effort with four research tracks already under review. The first is a three-step-finality (3SF) protocol that delivers rapid block finality in a compact codebase, while the second is aggregated post-quantum signatures.
A third research track focuses on zero-knowledge virtual machines that enable verifiable execution, with a data-layer refactor that merges blobs through erasure coding, rounding up the tracks.
Furthermore, Drake laid out several near-term proposals under the “lean” banner, including lean staking, which would strip validator duties to the essentials.
Lean verifiability would let low-power devices confirm blocks with modest bandwidth. A lean crypto approach would reduce the protocol’s reliance on multiple primitives, favoring a single hash function and post-quantum schemes wherever possible.
He also promoted “lean specs,” breaking logic into small modules, and “lean formal verification,” starting with zk-VMs and signature aggregation.
Coratger noted the alignment between these ideas and active engineering work, such as Fork-Choice enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCIL), zkEVM pilots, and beam roadmap prototypes.
He reported that session participants acknowledged the difficulty of achieving optimality but viewed the payoff as worthwhile, especially as rollups and centralized sequencers reshape Layer 2 processing.
Stanczak wrote that many ideas will proceed to testing while others will evolve, calling the roadmap an “unifying theory” rather than an immediate directive. He added that the talk motivated contributors by tying today’s milestones to a broader technical horizon.
Yet, Lean Ethereum remains a research framework without a scheduled hard fork proposal. Core teams plan to refine design documents, prototype features such as mini-3SF, and evaluate trade-offs in working group calls.
